Click through rate formula - VTR stands for View-Through Rate and is a useful way to compare how engaging ... they choose VTR as their measure of success. However, as it is a video ad they also add a click-through to their search engine so that people can try it. As the video ... VTR Formula. The VTR equation is: Click to enlarge. VTR = (View-Throughs x 100) ÷ ...

 
Here’s the formula you would use to calculate the click-through rate of a PPC campaign: CTR = Number of People Who Clicked on Ad / Number of Ad Impressions x 100 Using this formula, if 200 people saw your ad and 20 people clicked on it, you’d be looking at a CTR of 10%.. Statesman journal newspaper

The click-to-open rate (CTOR) is an alternative engagement metric to click rate. It is calculated by dividing the number of recipients who clicked by the number of unique opens. Given the uncertainty around open rates, our preferred metric is the click rate (i.e. the % of delivered who clicked), rather than using a number dependent on opens ...April 15, 2024. Click-through rate (CTR) is an important digital marketing metric for digital publishers looking to improve their results on search engines. Advertisers also use it to help improve conversions on their (pay-per-click) PPC ads and email marketing campaigns, while social media campaigners can use it to drive traffic to external ...CTR = (Number of clicks / Impressions) X 100. The final number will be the percentage of clicks you are generating, also known as your click-through rate. When calculating your …Video Click-Through Rate (CTR) is a great metric to measure the first impression your video makes on viewers. This metric measures how many people click to play your video after merely viewing the thumbnail or preview of your video. Having a low Video CTR indicates that you may need to improve your video text including the title, …To calculate CTR, use the following formula: CTR (%) = (Number of Clicks / Number of Impressions) * 100. Advertisement. For example, if your CTA button in an …For example, let’s say your ad generated 100 clicks and was seen by 2,000 people during its campaign. CTR = 100 (Clicks) ÷ 2,000 (Impressions) = 0.05 x 100 (percentage) = 5% CTR. Pro Tip: Don’t …Click-through rate is a metric utilized in online advertising, email marketing, and organic search. ... Here’s the formula: For example, let’s say you ran an ad campaign and it received 1,000 impressions. Out of those 1,000 impressions, 50 …The click-through rate formula is the number of clicks on an ad divided by the number of times the ad is shown. CTR = (clicks/times seen) What does CTR …The view-through rate measures how many people who watched your video advertising saw the content to the end. Similar to a click-through rate (ctr), this metric tracks audience engagement and can indicate potential when it comes to conversion rates and more. A video ad is considered to have completed views if the user didn’t change pages or ...Learn what Click Through Rate is and some ways you can improve your CTR on YouTube. ***** Learn the One YouTube Strategy I Use that Generates 57,346+ View...Dec 22, 2022 · Learn how to calculate the click-through rate (CTR), the percentage of individuals who view and click on an online ad, and how it measures the effectiveness of an online marketing campaign. Find out the formula, examples, and applications of CTR in email marketing and other mediums. The CTR for a given advertisement has a click-through rate of 0.4%. That's not especially high, but given that 50,000 people saw it, it's a good indication that it can snare prospective customers from your target audience overall. The Importance of Click-Through Rate. Click-through rate is important for many different reasons. Because 5,000 emails bounced back, they subtract 5,000 from 55,000 for 50,000 measured email impressions. The realtor plugs the number into the CTR formula to determine their rate: CTR = (Total measured clicks / Total measured impressions) x 100. CTR = (150 / 50,000) x 100. CTR = (0.003) x 100.How it's used. CTR (link click-through rate) indicates how many link clicks your ad received compared to the number of impressions it received. It is a common metric used by online advertisers to understand how ads drive traffic to websites and other destinations.The next step is to add a new column to your campaign data titled “CTOR,” and enter the formula, replacing the cells in the brackets. = (Unique clicks/unique opens)*100. Click-to-open-rate is a key metric for measuring the success of your email marketing campaign. Try our calculator and see how it's worked out.Learn the formula, importance, and benefits of click-through rate (CTR), a key metric for evaluating the effectiveness of online campaigns. Use inBeat's free …Dec 29, 2023 · CTR = 100 (Clicks) ÷ 2,000 (Impressions) = 0.05 x 100 (percentage) = 5% CTR. Pro Tip: Don’t forget to multiply your result by 100 to save some extra time calculating the percentage. Calculating click-through rates isn’t exclusive to performance marketing channels such as Google Ads. Unique CTR (link click-through rate) The percentage of Accounts Center accounts that saw your ad and performed a link click. This metric is estimated. How it's calculated. The metric is calculated as unique link clicks divided by reach. It counts Accounts Center accounts, not actions. This metric uses sampled data. CTR stands for Click-Through Rate and is the simplest way to compare the performance on a basic level of different campaigns. This is because CTR is a better measure of success than simply the number of clicks an ad or link has received. For example: Ad ONE – seen 1,000 times and clicked on 30 times. Ad TWO – seen 10,000 times and clicked ... In the top-right corner of that table, click “Columns.”. In the left-hand menu, open “Content” and click to checkmark “H1.”. Drag and drop the “H1” widget after the SERP title. Click “Apply.”. Now you can see if there are any H1s or title tags you’ll like to update to potentially improve the CTR. 2.Click-through rate is the number of clicks your site receives divided by the number of times it's shown. Learn more here! Search. ... The organic CTR formula is: (Number of Clicks / Impressions) x 100. For example, your page in the SERPs was shown to 10,000 searchers and 2500 users clicked on it.To calculate CTR on Facebook, divide the number of link clicks on your Facebook ad by the number of ad impressions (x 100% to get a percentage). For example, if 100 people see your ad and 10 of them click on your link, then your CTR on Facebook would be (10 link clicks/100 impressions) x 100%, or a 10% click-through rate (which would be awesome).To calculate click-through rate you need to know the number of clicks on your ad and the number of impressions. You can calculate it with our free CTR calculator above or manually calculate it using the formula: CTR = total number of clicks on your ad/total number of impressions. To get it as a percentage you can multiply the result by 100.What Is Click-Through Rate (CTR)? Put simply, click-through rate is the percentage of impressions that resulted in a click. If your PPC ad had 1,000 impressions and one click, that’s a 0.1% CTR. Click-through rate (CTR) Click-through rate, abbreviated CTR, is a measure of how many people who view a social post, ad, or other piece of content click through to read more, buy, or take some other action. It’s a useful metric because it measures how effectively your social content drives people to your owned web properties. The formula to ... VTR is typically used to refer to the billable view point of the video or the minimum view point you are measuring the success of the campaign on. For example, if you are charged on a 30" view, and you are using 1' creative, then it is worth working out the 30" VTR. VCR is the Video Completion Rate and is another way of writing 100% VTR.The median CTR for Sponsored Products is 0.42%, for Sponsored Brands it’s 0.38%. Both SP and SB produce much higher click through rates than SD ads. Obviously, the way to maximize your CTR is to run all 3 types of ads for your product but not every seller’s ad budget will permit that.How to calculate Cost-per-click. Cost-per-click, or CPC, is calculated by dividing the advertising cost by the number of clicks generated by an advertisement. For example, if an advertiser paid $50 for 500 clicks on its ad, then the cost per click is 50/500, or $0.10. The amount you pay for a click depends on how competitive your industry is.Aug 7, 2023 · Here's a breakdown of the email click through rate formula: For example, if you send an email campaign to 100 people and 10 people clicked on links within your email, then your click through rate would be 10%. Click-through rate = Click-through # / Impression # If you want to compute the CTR for one piece of advertisement, the computation follows from the above formula, and you can stop reading now. However, since my title of this post is “how to ESTIMATE CTR”, and there is no point to talk about ESTIMATION in statistics unless you have a … Click-through rate (CTR) is calculated by dividing the number of clicks on a specific link or advertisement by dividing it by the total number of impressions or views, then multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage. Click-through rate formula. CTR = (Clicks / Impressions) * 100. A video is considered as being “Viewed-Through” if a user did not skip it, or close the browser window before it ended. It has proved a paradoxical metric. If a user clicks on an ad, they are taken away from the ad. Even though they go to where the advertiser wanted, they are not counted as a View-Through. Therefore a high CTR will ...The CTR formula is: (Number of click-throughs / the number of total impressions) x 100 = CTR. Here’s an example of the formula in action: if you send out an email marketing campaign to 1,000 people and 40 of them click on an embedded link to your ecommerce site, your click-through rate is 4%. (40 clicks / 1,000 impressions) x 100 = 4% CTR.Sell-through rate formula. Use this formula to calculate your sell-through rate: (total sales / stock on hand) x 100 = % sell-through rate. 💡 PRO TIP: Skip the manual calculations and view Shopify’s Product sell-through rate report to see the percentage of your total inventory you’ve sold during a given period. More simply, email click-through rates represent the number of clicks that your email generated. Email click-through rate is expressed as a percentage, and calculated by dividing the number of click-throughs by the number of tracked message deliveries. Aug 1, 2023 · Learn how to calculate CTR and why it matters for your PPC and SEO campaigns. Find out how to improve your CTR with tips and examples from SEMrush. A sell-through rate of 70% is a solid result. However, if the store’s owner wants to increase the figure in the future, he has two options. The first option includes the acceleration of sales. For example, the store may start some promotions to sell more units in the next month. Alternatively, the store may order less from its suppliers ...Click-through rate, or email click rate, is the measure of how many people clicked on a hyperlink, CTA, or image within a particular email. It can be calculated by taking the total number of clicks an email receives, and dividing that number by the total number of delivered messages. Here’s what that equation looks like:Click-through rate, or email click rate, is the measure of how many people clicked on a hyperlink, CTA, or image within a particular email. It can be calculated by taking the total number of clicks an email receives, and dividing that number by the total number of delivered messages. Here’s what that equation looks like:While CTR is a good indicator of how effective your ad has been at driving a response, judging a campaign purely on click through rates can be dangerous. For example, compare the following two vendors: Digital display vendor X delivers a CTR of 0.10%, with a CPC of $0.80. Paid social vendor Y delivers a CTR of 1%, with a CPC of $2.50.The average CTR in Sponsored Products is 0.42%, and in the case of Sponsored Brands, it’s 0.38%. The two types of ads SP and SB, have significantly more Amazon Click Through Rates than ads for SD. The best way to increase your CTR’s value is to make sure you run three different kinds of ads for your product.El click-through rate (CTR) es el número de clics del enlace que incluiste en el correo electrónico respecto al total de email entregados. Los sistemas de automatización de email marketing no tienen problemas para calcular la cantidad de clics que hicieron los suscriptores que recibieron el correo electrónico.To calculate your cost per click for your CPM marketing, follow this simple formula. If 1% have clicked through, a total of 3570 people, then the formula would simply be: Total spend/total click throughs = cost per click. So, in this example, we have paid: $1000/3570 = $0.28c per click through.The Formula for Click-Through Rate (CTR) The formula for Click-Through Rate (CTR) is: CTR=(Number of Clicks/Number of Impression) * 100. In simpler terms, you take the number of people who clicked on a link (the clicks) and divide it by the total number of people who saw the link (impressions). Then you multiply the result by …Here is the formula to calculate the click-to-open rate: Click-to-open rate = (total unique clicks ÷ total unique opens) x 100. For example, your email campaign was opened by 150 recipients, and only 42 of them clicked the CTA link. As a result, your click-to-open rate is 0.28 or 28%, which is good enough.Click-Through Rate formula. Click-Through Rates can be calculated as the number of clicks your ads or video receives divided by the number of times your ads or video is shown. Click-Through Rate Formula. For example, if your video has 100 impressions and 2 clicks, its Click-Through Rate is 2%.This usually depends on how often other websites advertise with particular keywords used in the CPC ad, or the going rate for similar advertisements on other platforms. Sometimes, platforms use a formula to determine the flat rate, which is the cost per impression (CPI) divided by the percent click-through ratio (%CTR).The click-through rate formula is the number of clicks on an ad divided by the number of times the ad is shown. CTR = (clicks/times seen) What does CTR …Click-through rate is a metric utilized in online advertising, email marketing, and organic search. ... Here’s the formula: For example, let’s say you ran an ad campaign and it received 1,000 impressions. Out of those 1,000 impressions, 50 …Click-through rate is the number of clicks your site receives divided by the number of times it's shown. Learn more here! Search. ... The organic CTR formula is: (Number of Clicks / Impressions) x 100. For example, your page in the SERPs was shown to 10,000 searchers and 2500 users clicked on it.May 31, 2013 · Click Through Rate Formula: Let's suppose your ad receives 10 clicks per 100 impressions, then the CTR would be calculated as given below:-CTR= 10/100 = 0.1. A CTR of 1% is considered ideal. Click Through Rate for Email Campaigns. Most email service providers (ESPs) can track your e-mails and allow you to view the results in an e-mail tracking ... Click-Through Rate Formula. The click-through rate is the ratio between the number of users who click on a link and the number of users viewing the page the link is on. Mathematically, it can be expressed using the following formula: Where: Total number of Impressions – The total number of users who viewed a specific link (for email campaigns ... Click-through rate (CTR) measures what percentage of your recipients clicked on at least one link in your email. ... TCTR uses the same formula but swaps out unique clicks for total clicks in the fraction’s numerator. For example, if recipient A opened your message and clicked on 3 links, your TCTR would account for all 3 clicks, ...The CTR formula is: (Number of click-throughs / the number of total impressions) x 100 = CTR. Here’s an example of the formula in action: if you send out an email marketing campaign to 1,000 people and 40 of them click on an embedded link to your ecommerce site, your click-through rate is 4%. (40 clicks / 1,000 impressions) x 100 = 4% CTR.How to calculate Cost-per-click. Cost-per-click, or CPC, is calculated by dividing the advertising cost by the number of clicks generated by an advertisement. For example, if an advertiser paid $50 for 500 clicks on its ad, then the cost per click is 50/500, or $0.10. The amount you pay for a click depends on how competitive your industry is.Nov 17, 2023 · How Click-through Rate is Calculated: Formula for CTR. Navigating the landscape of digital marketing, one quickly realizes the significance of the click-through rate (CTR). To grasp CTR’s essence, you first need to understand its calculation. CTR is the ratio of link clicks to page or ad views. Let’s break down the formula: Open and click rates can give you a good idea of how your campaigns are performing with a particular audience. If an open rate is strong, it usually means your subject lines resonate with your audience. If your click rates are good, the message content is relevant to subscribers who open the campaign. Average open and click rates can vary from ...While CTR is a good indicator of how effective your ad has been at driving a response, judging a campaign purely on click through rates can be dangerous. For example, compare the following two vendors: Digital display vendor X delivers a CTR of 0.10%, with a CPC of $0.80. Paid social vendor Y delivers a CTR of 1%, with a CPC of $2.50.Let’s see how to check your click-through rate on different platforms. CTR formula for email campaigns. Here’s how to measure a click-through rate of your email campaign. Email CTR = Number of clicks/Number of delivered emails x 100. A click-through rate, alongside the open rate, unsubscribe rate, bounce rate, etc., are …A video is considered as being “Viewed-Through” if a user did not skip it, or close the browser window before it ended. It has proved a paradoxical metric. If a user clicks on an ad, they are taken away from the ad. Even though they go to where the advertiser wanted, they are not counted as a View-Through. Therefore a high CTR will ...CTOR stands for “click-to-open rate.”. It’s the percentage of people who opened your email who then clicked a link within that email. You can calculate CTOR by dividing your unique email opens by your unique email clicks and multiplying by 100. So let’s say you send an email to 100 people and 10 of them open it.How to calculate Cost-per-click. Cost-per-click, or CPC, is calculated by dividing the advertising cost by the number of clicks generated by an advertisement. For example, if an advertiser paid $50 for 500 clicks on its ad, then the cost per click is 50/500, or $0.10. The amount you pay for a click depends on how competitive your industry is.Now we can get to the click-through rate formula. Here it is: CTR is the number of clicks divided by total emails sent minus bounces. So, if you sent 1,000 emails, got 34 bounces, and had a total of 32 clicks, your equation would look like this: And your click-through rate would be 3.31 percent, a perfectly respectable click-through rate.Conversion rate = (number of conversions / total number of visitors) * 100%. You can apply this formula to any marketing campaign or track the average conversion rate across an entire marketing strategy. However, this metric won’t help you hit sales and revenue goals until you know how to use different campaign conversion rate types.Click-Through Rate can be defined as the percentage of viewers who click on your ad/content based on the number of impressions made. So for example, your ad was shown to 1000 viewers, however only 1 person clicked on it, then your CTR would be 0.1%. To understand this better, it’s important to know how search engines work.Learn the formula, importance, and benefits of click-through rate (CTR), a key metric for evaluating the effectiveness of online campaigns. Use inBeat's free …How to calculate the email click-through rate. For example, 1,000 people successfully receive your newsletter, and 100 of them click your CTA button. It means you need to divide 100 by 1000, which gives you 0.1. Multiplied by 100 will provide you with a 10% CTR. CTR vs. TCTR vs. UCTR vs. CTOR.Click-through rate, or CTR, is determined by how many times a user clicks on an ad or a link and arrives at the designated page. To determine CTR, the number of clicks is compared to the number of impressions — the number of times a user sees or clicks the ad — using the CTR formula. That said, it’s easy to understand why CTR is so important!Calculate! CTR Formula. To calculate click-through rate you need to know the number of clicks on your ad and the number of impressions. You can calculate it with our free …After you've created an Email Send record and sent your email, you'll start getting your statistics in. There are many places in CRM to see these statistics. First are the Statistic Graphs automatically created in the Sent Email Send record.. NOTE: The opens and clicks from your emails will be updated for 30 days after the sending of your email. After this …Click-through rate is a percentage that measures how many people clicked your ad as compared to the people who saw it. A CTR of 100% means all the people who see your ad click it. ... The formula to calculate CTR is: You need two variables to calculate CTR: Clicks;Click-through rate (CTR) Click-through rate, or CTR, ... Note that once you add these metrics to your social media metrics dashboard, you don’t need to remember the formulas anymore because Hootsuite will calculate them for you. Head to the Benchmarking section on Analytics and click Competitive Analysis.Similarly, the industry average CTR is very different in the SaaS space as compared to fashion-focused DTC brands. Let’s take a look at the average CTRs for different types of campaigns: Search ads: 6.30%. Display ads: 0.05%. Facebook ads: 1.11%. For example, if an ad or link is displayed on a web page 100 times and is clicked on 10 times, then its click-through rate is 10%. CTR is an important metric for businesses, as it provides an indication of how successful their ads or links are in attracting users and encouraging them to take action. Similarly, the industry average CTR is very different in the SaaS space as compared to fashion-focused DTC brands. Let’s take a look at the average CTRs for different types of campaigns: Search ads: 6.30%. Display ads: 0.05%. Facebook ads: 1.11%.Click through rate is a very important metric in digital marketing because it helps measure the effectiveness of an ad. Many digital marketers buy a quantity of impressions when launching online ads. They pay a fixed rate for a fixed number of times their ads will be shown. However, note that marketers pay the same price regardless if …Ad Clicks ÷ Ad Impressions = Click-Through Rate. As one of the classic performance marketing metrics, you’re going to be bumping into CTR a lot. But CTR is much more than just a metric. In fact ...Click through rate refers to the percentage of people who clicked on the link in the mail you sent them from all the people who could open your email. For example, Total emails delivered: 700. Total email opened: 400. Total links clicked: 300. Then the click rate will be: 300/700*100= 42.86%. Click through rate will be: 300/400*100= 75%.Use the formula below to calculate CTR: CTR = (Number of click / Number of impressions) x 100. Here’s an example of how it works: CTR = (2 / 100) x 100. CTR = 2%. What’s a good click-through rate? As with so many questions in the digital marketing space, the correct answer is “it depends.”Bulk API Export Table. Email Bounce Report. Show Engagement History on Records. Analytics for Account Engagement. Extending Account Engagement with Connected Apps. A Click-Through Rate report shows link statistics visually. A heatmap of prospects’ clicks appears on top of your email design, so you know right away whi...Now we can get to the click-through rate formula. Here it is: CTR is the number of clicks divided by total emails sent minus bounces. So, if you sent 1,000 emails, got 34 bounces, and had a total of 32 clicks, your equation would look like this: And your click-through rate would be 3.31 percent, a perfectly respectable click-through rate.Ad Clicks ÷ Ad Impressions = Click-Through Rate. As one of the classic performance marketing metrics, you’re going to be bumping into CTR a lot. But CTR is much more than just a metric. In fact ...The average click-through rate is 0.4%. Anything above this average is considered a decent CTR. If your CTR is less than 0.3%, it either means that customers are not impressed by your ad or your ad is irrelevant to what they’re looking for. This means your ad should get at least 20 clicks for 500 ad impressions.VTR stands for View-Through Rate and is a useful way to compare how engaging ... they choose VTR as their measure of success. However, as it is a video ad they also add a click-through to their search engine so that people can try it. As the video ... VTR Formula. The VTR equation is: Click to enlarge. VTR = (View-Throughs x 100) ÷ ...The click-through rate formula is simple—you don’t even need a CTR calculator to figure it out. To calculate it, simply divide the number of clicks by the number of impressions of a given campaign. For instance, if a campaign had seven clicks and 100 impressions, the CTR would be 7%.You can calculate your click-through rate with the following formula: (Total Clicks) / (Total Impressions) = Click-Through Rate. In most cases, you won’t have to calculate your CTR manually. If you’re advertising with pay-per-click (PPC) ads, for example, your PPC account dashboard will display your CTR.View-through conversions occur after an ad impression, if the ... Conversion rate: Definition; 56 of 193. Conversion tracking: Definition; 57 of 193. Conversion value per cost: Definition; ... and unknown clicks: Definition; 161 of 193. Recommended average daily budget: Definition; 162 of 193. Referrer URL; 163 of 193. Responsive ads: Definition;CTR or Click Through Rate in organic SEO = Clicks / Impressions * 100. CTR or Click Through Rate in internet marketing = Clicks / Impressions * 100. Just remember to always use the same date ranges for clicks and impressions. For example don’t calculate impressions for the whole year divided by clicks for this week.

Similarly, the industry average CTR is very different in the SaaS space as compared to fashion-focused DTC brands. Let’s take a look at the average CTRs for different types of campaigns: Search ads: 6.30%. Display ads: 0.05%. Facebook ads: 1.11%.. Scotiaonline

click through rate formula

Your email CTR is determined by the total number of subscribers who clicked on a link in your email. Here is the formula you’ll use to calculate your email CTR: Total number of clicks ÷ Total delivered emails x 100 = CTR. So, if you sent an email to 200 subscribers and 25 of them clicked on a link, your CTR is 12.5 percent. In 2021, the average email open rate was 2.3%, across all industries. This is down 0.3% from 2020. The industries with the highest click-through rates — like Education, Real Estate, and Agriculture — average between 3-5%. Here’s a look at how averages break down, per industry. Industry. Your click-through rate is calculated by taking the overall number of clicks your email link, CTA, or image received and dividing it by the number of total emails sent. You then take that number and multiply by 100 to get the actual percentage. Click-Through Rate = Email Clicks/ [Sent Emails – Bounced Emails]) x 100.What Is Click-Through Rate (CTR)? Put simply, click-through rate is the percentage of impressions that resulted in a click. If your PPC ad had 1,000 impressions and one click, that’s a 0.1% CTR.A good Email Click-Through Rate (CTR) typically falls between 3% and 5%. This level indicates that the email campaigns effectively engage the audience and drive them to act. However, what's considered "good" varies depending on the industry and target audience.View-through rate (VTR) measures the number of viewers who watched an entire video ad divided by the number of impressions, or people exposed to the video. Multiply that number by 100 to get the VTR as a percentage. Code embedded into the video allows businesses to measure the number of views a video has and at what point viewers click away.What Is CTR? Click-through rate is a metric utilized in online advertising, email marketing, and organic search. It gauges the frequency with which users click …Aug 1, 2023 · Learn how to calculate CTR and why it matters for your PPC and SEO campaigns. Find out how to improve your CTR with tips and examples from SEMrush. How it's used. CTR (link click-through rate) indicates how many link clicks your ad received compared to the number of impressions it received. It is a common metric used by online advertisers to understand how ads drive traffic to websites and other destinations.Click through rate. () is a measurement used in online Advertising. Email campaigns and Search Results. Click through rate is given as a percentage. If an advertisement has a click through rate of 5%, this means out of 100 people who saw the advertisement, 5 people clicked the link and reached the target website.View-through rate (VTR) measures the number of viewers who watched an entire video ad divided by the number of impressions, or people exposed to the video. Multiply that number by 100 to get the VTR as a percentage. Code embedded into the video allows businesses to measure the number of views a video has and at what point viewers click away. Click-through rate (CTR) can be used to gauge how well your keywords and ads, and free listings, are performing. CTR is the number of clicks that your ad receives divided by the number of times your ad is shown: clicks ÷ impressions = CTR. For example, if you had 5 clicks and 100 impressions, then your CTR would be 5%. .

Popular Topics